![]() ![]() "The team, /lɛd/ by Dave, did stuff" means about the same thing as "The team, which was /lɛd/ by Dave, did stuff." In a passive construction, the main verb is always in the form of a participle, so the correct spelling is "led", the past participle of "lead". The use of the word "by" is a clue that this is a passive construction, not a perfect construction. Consider what happens if you replace /lɛd/ with a present-tense form of the verb manage: we can't say "*The team, manage by Dave, did stuff" or "*The team, manages by Dave, did stuff." Lead or led: two commonly confused words, as they can sound the same but also different. Lead is in the present tense: They lead a successful marketing campaign. Led is the correct way to spell the past tense of lead. But with lead, that's not how things are. There is no other past tense of the transitive verb, 'to lead'. One reason for the confusion might be that the infinitive and past tense forms of a similar verb, read, are spelled the same way: read. To lead only has one past tense form, which is led. The word /lɛd/ is not a present-tense form-one sign of this is the pronunciation, but another sign is that a present-tense verb just doesn't make syntactic sense in that context. The past tense of the base verb ' lead ' (rhymes with breed) is led (rhymes with fed ). So there are a few problems with your analysis that caused you to choose the wrong spelling. It is also used in constructions like the passive, where no past-connected meaning is necessarily present: for example, in a sentence like "I see that the tree is being cut down". But despite the connections between the "past participle" and the past, the participle is not considered to be a past-tense form in and of itself. "a broken vase" is "a vase that has been broken" or "a vase that has broken" and "a fallen tree" is "a tree that has fallen". This name is not meaningless: it is used with the auxiliary have to form the perfect construction, which can be analyzed as a compound past tense, and for some verbs the "past participle" used as a modifier has a meaning along the lines of "this happened to the modified noun at some point in the (relative) past", e.g. One is conventionally called the "past participle". ![]() In English, there are two participle forms. We can change the tense of other elements of the sentence without making any change to the word /lɛd/: As such, it doesn't have a "tense" of its own, in the sense that we usually use the word "tense". For instance, one may lead a group today. Lead is in the present tense, while led is in the past tense. The word pronounced /lɛd/ in this sentence is a participle. The main difference between the two is their tenses. ![]()
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